Lub nkoj siab yog txhais tau tias yog lub thawv ntim uas tsim los tiv thaiv sab hauv lossis sab nraud los ntawm cov pa roj lossis cov kua dej, thiab qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov hlab ntsha no yog cylindrical nyob rau hauv cov duab, ib tug me me kev faib ua feem ntawm cov spheres los yog lwm yam geometries. Feem ntau, lub nkoj cylindrical siab muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb: lub plhaub cylindrical, lub kaus mom kawg (lub taub hau), piping, flanges, thiab lwm yam. Raws li qib siab, cov hlab ntsha siab tau faib dav dav rau hauv - cov hlab ntsha siab thiab sab nraud - cov hlab ntsha siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm lawv txoj kev teeb tsa, lawv raug cais raws li cov hlab ntsha ruaj khov lossis cov hlab ntshav siab; Cov hlab ntsha ruaj khov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ruaj khov thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav haujlwm. Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws tam sim no ntsib nrog cov hlab ntsha siab ntawm kev ua lag luam?
1. Corrosion: Rau cov hlab ntsha siab -tshwj xeeb yog cov siv tshuaj lom neeg siv-electrochemical corrosion yog ib qho tshwm sim ntau zaus vim kev sib cuag ntev ntawm lub nkoj cov khoom siv hlau thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej los yog tej yam kev mob uas muaj cov av noo siab, cov qauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus uas lub nkoj hu rau hauv av lossis dej hauv av, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raug rau corrosion. Corrosion nyob rau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj siab yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab thiab sab hauv; Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau sab hauv phab ntsa tiv thaiv txheej, txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis raug, lossis kev degradation ntawm corrosion- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus.
2. Cov kab nrib pleb: Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab nrib pleb yog qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub nkoj siab. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm micro- tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev qaug zog- ua rau tawg thiab xeb- ua rau tawg, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub nkoj. Nyob ntawm lawv cov laj thawj, cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, suav nrog cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb, cov kab nrib pleb, kev nyuaj siab, thiab cov kab nrib pleb.
3. Deformation: Tom qab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub nkoj siab - txawm nyob hauv nws tag nrho lossis hauv cov ntu tshwj xeeb - tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm deformation, xws li indentation lossis bulging. Yog tias qhov hnyav ntawm qhov deformation yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub nkoj.
Dab tsi tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) cov txheej txheem tam sim no muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha siab?
Muab ntau yam kev nyab xeeb muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha siab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kev tshawb fawb, raug, thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Ib cag ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag pom, thawj txoj hauv kev tam sim no ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam vam khom tsis yog - cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj - paub ua ke raws li Tsis yog - Kev Ntsuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDT)- uas tso cai rau kev kuaj xyuas kom meej nrog tsawg lossis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub nkoj nws tus kheej. Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb no suav nrog kev kuaj ultrasonic, kuaj hluav taws xob, kuaj cov khoom sib nqus, infrared thermography, thiab ntsuas tam sim no. Ntawm cov txheej txheem no, X- kev tshuaj xyuas kab hluav taws xob yog cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws; Nws feem ntau siv lub zog nkag mus ntawm X-rays txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag sab hauv, ua pov thawj tshwj xeeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov khoom siv plhaub.
Raws li kev lag luam kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus, kev siv cov hlab ntsha siab tau nce zuj zus; yog li ntawd, cov xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog lawv feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj heev. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo ntawm lub hauv paus, yog li tshem tawm cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb.